Activité in vivo d’Artemisia annua contre d’autres protozoaires

Ce document rassemble les études relatives aux activités anti-infectieuses d’Artemisia annua autres qu’antipaludique, et à l’utilité potentielle des extraits de la plante pour traiter des infections induites par des protozoaires :
I. Divers protozoaires ;
II. Toxoplasmose ;
III. Trypanosomiases
IV. Leishmanioses ;
V. Schistosomiase (bilharziose)

I. Action contre divers protozoaires

2017

Cecilia Shi Ni Looa, Nelson Siu Kei Lam, Deying Yu, Xin-zhuan Sub, and Fangli Lu
Artemisinin and its derivatives in treating protozoan infections beyond malaria
Pharmacological Research, Volume 117, March 2017, Pages 192-217

Artemisinin and its derivatives in treating protozoan infections beyond malaria

Abstract :

Many parasitic protozoan diseases continue to rank among the world’s greatest global health problems, which are also common among poor populations. Currently available drugs for treatment present drawbacks, urging the need for more effective, safer, and cheaper drugs. Artemisinin and its derivatives are some of the most important classes of antimalarial agents originally derived from Artemisia annua L. However, besides the outstanding antimalarial and antischistosomal activities, ART and its derivatives also possess activities against other parasitic protozoa. In this paper, we reviewed the activities of ART and its derivatives against protozoan parasites in in vitro and in vivo, including Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Eimeria tenella, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Naegleria fowleri, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Babesia spp. We concluded that ART and its derivatives may be good alternatives for treating other non-malarial protozoan infections in developing countries, although more studies are necessary before they can be applied clinically.

Keywords : Artemisinin, Antiprotozoan activity, Leishmania spp, Trypanosoma spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum.

II. Toxoplasmose

Taísa Carrijode Oliveira, Deise A. Oliveira Silva, Cristina Rostkowska, Samantha Ribeiro Béla, Eloisa A.V.Ferro, Pedro Mellilo Magalhães, José Roberto Mineo
Toxoplasma gondii : Effects of Artemisia annua L. on susceptibility to infection in experimental models in vitro and in vivo
Experimental Parasitology, Volume 122, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 233-241

Toxoplasma gondii : Effects of Artemisia annua L. on susceptibility to infection in experimental models in vitro and in vivo

Abstract :

Considering that the treatment for toxoplasmosis is based on drugs that show limited efficacy due to their substantial side effects, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Artemisia annua on in vitro and in vivo Toxoplasma gondii infection. A. annua infusion was prepared from dried herb and tested in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) or mice that were infected with the parasite and compared with sulfadiazine treatment. For in vitro experiments, treatment was done on parasite before HFF infection or on cells previously infected with T. gondii and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for each treatment condition were determined. Viability of HFF cells in the presence of different concentrations of A. annua infusion and sulfadiazine was above 72%, even when the highest concentrations from both treatments were tested. Also, the treatment of T. gondii tachyzoites with A. annua infusion before infection in HFF cells showed a dose–response inhibitory curve that reached up to 75% of inhibition, similarly to the results observed when parasites were treated with sulfadiazine. In vivo experiments with a cystogenic T. gondii strain demonstrated an effective control of infection using A. annua infusion. In conclusion, our results indicate that A. annua infusion is useful to control T. gondii infection, due to its low toxicity and its inhibitory action directly against the parasite, resulting in a well tolerated therapeutic tool.

III. Trypanosomiases

2018

Yusmaris Josefina Cariaco Sifontes
Caracterización de Artemisia annua cultivada bajo condiciones ambientales típicas del noreste venezolano y evaluación de su acción sobre epimastigotes de Trypanosoma cruzi
Trabajo de grado presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de licenciado en bioanálisis Universidad de oriente núcleo de Sucre, escuela de ciencias departamento de bioanálisis, Trujillo Perú, 2018.

Caracterización de {Artemisia annua} cultivada bajo condiciones ambientales típicas del noreste venezolano y evaluación de su acción sobre epimastigotes de Trypanosoma cruzi

Resumen : En esta investigación se caracterizaron semillas de A. annua enviadas desde Luxemburgo, y las plantas que resultaron de su siembra en Cumaná ; así mismo, se evaluó la acción de esta planta sobre epimastigotes de Trypanosoma cruzi usando dos tipos de infusiones : una preparada con hojas de plantas cultivadas en Cumaná y otra con hojas provenientes de Luxemburgo, ambas a concentraciones de 0,40 ; 0,60 ; 0,80 ; 1,00 ; 2,00 ; 3,00% p/v de A. annua ; sobre dos aislados de T. cruzi : RG1 y CHHP, durante 7 días, en cada uno de los cuales se determinó la densidad celular de los parásitos. Las semillas de A. annua recibidas poseían un porcentaje de humedad de 9,68±1,06%, germinación in vitro de 3,66±1,53%, peso promedio de cada semilla de 42,50±1,90 µg y longitud promedio de 0,84±0,13 mm ; al sembrar en arena su desarrollo fue escaso y su floración prematura (a los 34 días), además no soportaron el proceso de trasplante ; en cambio, en tierra abonada se logró un mejor desarrollo ; sin embargo, produjeron botones florales a los 28 dias posteriores a la siembra. Las plantas bajo estudio tuvieron una altura máxima de 45,00 cm, presentaron hojas primero dentadas, luego bipinatisectas y finalmente tripinatisectas de hasta 13,00 cm de longitud, tallos de hasta 5,00 mm de diámetro, los cuales en la fase temprana de crecimiento son lisos y en la ramificación estriados, e inflorescencias plurifloras, cuyos capítulos presentaron 4,00 mm de altura y 6,00 mm de diámetro aproximadamente. Se encontró que las infusiones de A. annua tuvieron un efecto antiproliferativo, dosis dependiente sobre ambos aislados de T. cruzi, resultando ser más potente la acción de la infusión preparada con hojas provenientes de Luxemburgo, que la que fue preparada con hojas de plantas cultivadas en Cumaná. Ampliando y profundizando los estudios acerca del tema, éstas infusiones de A. annua podría convertirse en una nueva alternativa terapéutica para la infección por T. cruzi.

IV. Leishmanioses

2013

Sara M Robledo, Pierre Lutgen, Adriana M Restrepo, Diana L Muñoz, Yulieth A Upegui, Ivan D Velez
Therapeutic Response of Artemisia annua Tea in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis : Studies in Vivo
Wordleish Brasil 2013

Therapeutic Response of Artemisia annua Tea in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis : Studies in Vivo

Conclusion :
• Lyophilized aqueous extract of A. annua (grass ground) cultivated in Luxembourg, contain only 0.1% of artemisinin.
• Fractionation of the A. annua extract may potentiate the leishmanicidal activity.
• Treatment with A. annua LAE showed no significant changes in the weight, histology and ALT, BUN, and Creatinine values compared with controls (Placebo, SbV and no treatment) suggesting no toxicity associated to the treatment.
• Unexpectedly, no correlation between in vitro and in vivo leishmanicidal activity of the A. annua LAE was observed. Although A. annua LAE did not show leishmanicidal activity in vitro, treatment of infected animals with 50 or 100 mg/kg/day produced 75% and 100% of cure after 3 months of the end of treatment, respectively. Complete cure began observed after one month of the end of treatment. No relapses were observed in hamsters treated with A. annua LAE whereas relapse was observed in 2/7 animals treated with SbV. The poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo assays could be due to differences in these two systems.
• Given the high effectiveness against Leishmania, we suggest that A. annua tea could be a promising candidate for the oral treatment of CL and therefore more studies to further optimization of the product are needed.

2014

Mohammad Islamuddin, Garima Chouhan, Muzamil Y. Want, Maujiram Tyagi, Malik Z. Abdin, Dinkar Sahal, and Farhat Afrin
Leishmanicidal activities of Artemisia annua leaf essential oil against Visceral Leishmaniasis
Frontiers in Microbiology. 2014 ; 5 : 626

Leishmanicidal activities of Artemisia annua leaf essential oil against Visceral Leishmaniasis

Abstract :

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the second-most dreaded parasitic disease after malaria, is currently endemic in 88 countries. Dramatic increases in the rates of infection, drug resistance, and non-availability of safe vaccines have highlighted the need for identification of novel and inexpensive anti-leishmanial agents from natural sources. In this study, we showed the leishmanicidal effect of essential oil from Artemisia annua leaves (AALEO) against Leishmania donovani in vitro and in vivo. AALEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS, the most abundant compounds were found to be camphor (52.06 %) followed by β-caryophyllene (10.95 %). AALEO exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity against L. donovani, with 50 % inhibitory concentration of 14.63 ± 1.49 μg ml-1 and 7.3 ± 1.85 μg ml-1, respectively, against the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The effect was mediated through programmed cell death as confirmed by externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA nicking by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, dyskinetoplastidy, cell cycle arrest at sub-G0–G1 phase, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species generation in promastigotes and nitric oxide generation in ex vivo model. AALEO presented no cytotoxic effects against mammalian macrophages even at 200 μg ml-1. Intra-peritoneal administration of AALEO (200 mg/ kg.b.w.) to infected BALB/c mice reduced the parasite burden by almost 90% in the liver and spleen with significant reduction in weight. There was no hepato- or nephro-toxicity as demonstrated by normal levels of serum enzymes. The promising antileishmanial activity shown by camphor-rich AALEO may provide a new lead in the treatment of VL.

Keywords : leishmaniasis, visceral, essential oil, Artemisia annua, leishmanicidal, apoptosis, therapeutic efficacy

2017

Luz Estella Mesa, Daniel Vasquez, Pierre Lutgen, Iván Darío Vélez, Adriana María Restrepo, Isabel Ortiz and Sara María Robledo
In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of Artemisia annua L. leaf powder and its potential usefulness in the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 50(1) :, January-February, 2017

In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of Artemisia annua L. leaf powder and its potential usefulness in the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans

Abstract :

Introduction : Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The current drugs for CL may be effective but have serious side effects ; hence, alternatives are urgently needed. Although plant-derived materials are used for the treatment of various diseases in 80% of the global population, the validation of these products is essential. Gelatin capsules containing dried Artemisia annua L. leaf powder were recently developed as a new herbal formulation (totum) for the oral treatment of malaria and other parasitic diseases. Here, we aimed to determine the usefulness of A. annua gel capsules in CL.

Methods : The antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of A. annua L. capsules was determined via in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, a preliminary evaluation of its therapeutic potential as antileishmanial treatment in humans was conducted in 2 patients with uncomplicated CL.

Results : Artemisia annua capsules showed moderate in vitro activity in amastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis ; no cytotoxicity in U-937 macrophages or genotoxicity in human lymphocytes was observed. Five of 6 (83.3%) hamsters treated with A. annua capsules (500mg/kg/day) for 30 days were cured, and the 2 examined patients were cured 45 days after initiation of treatment with 30g of A. annua L. capsules, without any adverse reactions. Both patients remained disease-free 26 and 24 months after treatment completion.

Conclusion : Capsules of A. annua L. represent an effective treatment for uncomplicated CL, although further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate its efficacy and safety.

Keywords : Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Artemisia annua. Leishmania panamensis. Anti-leishmanial activity. Therapeutic response.

V. Schistosomiase

2018

Jérôme Munyangi, Lucile Cornet-Vernet, Michel , Chen Lu, Pierre, Christian Perronne, Nadege , Jacques Bianga, Bavon Mupenda, Paula Lalukala, Guy Mergeai, Dieudonné Mumba, Melissa Towler, Pamela Weathers
Effect of Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions on schistosomiasis in a large clinical trial
Phytomedicine 51 (2018) 233–240

Effect of Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions on schistosomiasis in a large clinical trial

Abstract :

Background and Objective : Schistosomiasis (bilharzia), a serious neglected tropical disease affecting millions, hasfew cost-effective treatments, so two Artemisia wormwood species, A. annua and A. afra, were compared with the current standard praziquantel (PZQ) treatment in an 800 patient clinical trial, August-November of 2015.

Methods : The double blind, randomized, superiority clinical trial had three treatment arms : 400 for PZQ, 200 for A. annua, and 200 for A. afra. PZQ-treated patients followed manufacturer posology. Artemisia-treated patients received 1 l/d of dry leaf/twig tea infusions divided into 3 aliquots daily, for 7 days with 28-day follow-up.

Results : Of 800 enrolled patients having an average of >700 Schistosoma mansoni eggs per fecal sample, 780 completed the trial. Within 14 days of treatment, all Artemisia-treated patients had no detectable eggs in fecal smears, a result sustained 28 days post treatment. Eggs in fecal smears of PZQ-treated patients were undetectable after D21. More males than females who entered the trial had melena, but both genders responded equally well to treatment ; by D28 melena disappeared in all patients. In all arms, eosinophil levels declined by about 27% from D0 to D28. From D0 to D28 hemoglobin increases were greater in PZQ and A. afra-treated patients than in A. annua-treated patients. Hematocrit increases were greater from D0 to D28 for patients treated with either PZQ or A. annua compared to those treated with A. afra. Gender comparison showed that A. afra–treated males had significantly greater hemoglobin and hematocrit increases by D28 than either PZQ or A. annua–treated males. In contrast, PZQ and A. afra-treated females had greater hemoglobin and hematocrit increases than A. annua treated females. Both adults and pediatric patients treated with A. annua responded better compared to PZQ treatment.

Conclusion : Both A. annua and A. afra provided faster effective treatment of schistosomiasis and should be considered for implementation on a global scale.
Keywords : Artemisinin, Artemisia, Bilharzia, Tea infusion, Wormwood

2019

Argemi et al. 2019
Correspondence
Comment on “Effect of Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions on schistosomiasis in a large clinical trial
Phytomedicine 62 (2019) 152804

Comment on “Effect of Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions on schistosomiasis in a large clinical trial

No abstract

2019

Lucile Cornet-Vernet, Jerome Munyangi, Lu Chen, Melissa Towler, Pamela Weathers
Response to Argemi et al. 2019
Phytomedicine 62 (2019) 152943

Response to Argemi et al. 2019

No abstract

Mis en ligne par La vie re-belle
 30/03/2020
 http://lavierebelle.org/artemisia-annua-l-autres-activites

 Documents

 Leishmanicidal activities of Artemisia annua leaf essential oil against Visceral Leishmaniasis
PDF 
 Frontiers in Microbiology
 Toxoplasma gondii : Effects of Artemisia annua L. on susceptibility to infection in experimental models in vitro and in vivo
PDF 
 Experimental Parasitology

Etudes in vivo

Ce dossier regroupe des articles publiés concernant l’activité in vivo d’Artemisia annua L.

Les articles 2

IMG: Etudes in vivo de la tisane d'Artemisia annua sur le Plasmodium falciparum Cet article recense et donne accès aux études relatives aux études in vivo propriétés antipaludiques d’extraits d’Artemisia annua. Les publications sont ordonnés (...)
Action in vivo de la poudre de parties aériennes d’Artemisia annua sur la Malaria (Modèle animal)2012Mostafa A. Elfawal, Melissa J. Towler, Nicholas G. (...)
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