Artemisia annua L Revues d’études et méta-analyses

Cet article présentent les revues d’études bibliographiques et les méta-analyses concernant Artemisia annua L.

2004

Merlin Willcox, Gerard Bodeker, Geneviève Bourdy, Vikas Dhingra, Jacques Falquet, Jorge F.S. Ferreira, Bertrand Graz, Hans-Martin Hirt, Elisabeth Hsu, Pedro Melillo de Magalhães, Damien Provendier, and Colin W. Wright
Artemisia annua as a Traditional Herbal Antimalarial
Chapter In book : Traditional Medicinal Plants and Malaria., Edition : Boca Raton, Publisher : CRC Press, Editors : Merlin Willcox, Gerard Bodeker, P. Rasaoanaivo

Artemisia annua as a Traditional Herbal Antimalarial

de Ridder S, van der Kooy F, Verpoorte R.
Artemisia annua as a self-reliant treatment for malaria in developing countries
J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Dec 8 ;120(3):302-14. doi : 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.017. Epub 2008 Sep 27. PMID : 18977424.

Abstract

Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by the protozoan Plasmodium parasites. Each year, it causes disease in approximately 515 million people and kills between one and three million people, the majority of whom are young children in sub-Saharan Africa. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Due to climate change and the gradual warming of the temperate regions the future distribution of the malaria disease might include regions which are today seen as safe. Currently, malaria control requires an integrated approach comprising of mainly prevention, including vector control and the use of effective prophylactic medicines, and treatment of infected patients with antimalarials. The antimalarial chloroquine, which was in the past a mainstay of malaria control, is now ineffective in most malaria areas and resistance to other antimalarials is also increasing rapidly. The discovery and development of artemisinins from Artemisia annua have provided a new class of highly effective antimalarials. ACTs are now generally considered as the best current treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This review gives a short history of the malaria disease, the people forming a high risk group and the botanical aspects of A. annua. Furthermore the review provides an insight in the use of ART and its derivatives for the treatment of malaria. Its mechanism of action and kinetics will be described as well as the possibilities for a self-reliant treatment will be revealed. This self-reliant treatment includes the local production practices of A. annua followed by the possibilities for using traditional prepared teas from A. annua as an effective treatment for malaria. Finally, HMM will be described and the advantages and disadvantages discussed.

2013

Frank van derKooy, Shaun Edward Sullivan
The complexity of medicinal plants : The traditional Artemisia annua formulation, current status and future perspectives
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 150(1) · August 2013

The complexity of medicinal plants : The traditional Artemisia annua formulation, current status and future perspectives

Abstract :

Ethnopharmacological Relevance : Artemisia annua has a long tradition of use for the treatment of intermittent fevers which we now relate to malarial infections. The active principle artemisinin has been isolated from Artemisia annua and today forms the backbone of the global fight against malaria. The traditionally prepared Artemisia annua formulation is however still being used on a global scale for the treatment of malaria, and it is claimed that its action is superior to the single purified drug. Artemisia annua is therefore on the forefront of the heated debate between the single drug-single target approach of western based medicine and the holistic approach of traditional medicinal systems. This review aims to highlight the complexities we face in the general study of medicinal plants at the hand of three levels of complexity. These levels consist of (a) the chemistry of the medicinal plant, (b) the influence of the preparation method on the chemistry of the final formulation and (c) the influence of metabolism on the chemistry of the formulation. We also aim to provide an up-to-date report on all scientific work that has been conducted and published in English on the traditional formulation of Artemisia annua.

Materials And Methods : All English scientific literatures published until the first quarter of 2013 were retrieved from well-known scientific databases (Scifinder scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar) and Non-governmental organisations active in this field were consulted. A draft version of this manuscript was sent to the African office of the World Health Organisation (WHO), and to the Non-governmental organisations "Action Médicine Naturelle" (ANAMED) and "Iwerliewen fir bedreete Volleker - Réseau belgo-luxembourgeois pour la valorisation des herbes médicinales" (IFBV-BELHERB) for comments.

Results : Very little scientific work has been conducted on the Artemisia annua formulation. The available literature contains many discrepancies which are unfortunately selectively being used by the two different sides in this debate to further their arguments. On one side of the argument we have the low content of artemisinin in Artemisia annua, the low bioavailability of artemisinin when the traditional formulation is administered and the high levels of recrudescence, which are being emphasised, while on the other side the possible role of synergism and prodrugs are being highlighted. This review reports that there are still too many gaps in our existing knowledge to provide conclusive evidence for either of the two sides of the argument. CONCLUSIONS Much more research is needed into Artemisia annua formulations. We stand to gain invaluable knowledge into how traditional medicinal plant works, discover the identities of new active compounds (which can be used against other diseases such as HIV, diarrhoea, and cancer) and possibly bring both sides of this debate closer together.

2014

Pamela Weathers, Kirsten Reed, Ahmed Hassanali, Pierre Lutgen and Patrick Ogwang Engeu
Whole plant approaches to therapeutic use of Artemisia annua, L. (Asteraceae)
in Tariq Aftab, Jorge F.S. Ferreira, M. Masroor A. Khan, Artemisia annua. Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014, GDR pp. pending.

Whole plant approaches to therapeutic use of Artemisia annua, L. (Asteraceae)

No Abstract

***

Pamela J Weathers, Melissa Towler, Ahmed Hassanali, Pierre Lutgen, Patrick Ogwang Engeu
Dried-leaf Artemisia annua : A practical malaria therapeutic for developing countries ?
World Journal of Pharmacology, 2014 December 9 ; 3(4) : 39-55

Dried-leaf Artemisia annua : A practical malaria therapeutic for developing countries ?

Excerpt :

Artemisinin from the plant Artemisia annua (A. annua) L, and used as artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), is the current best therapeutic for treating malaria, a disease that hits children and adults especially in developing countries. Traditionally, A. annua was used by the Chinese as a tea to treat "fever". More recently, investigators have shown that tea infusions and oral consumption of the dried leaves of the plant have prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. The presence of a complex matrix of chemicals within the leaves seems to enhance both the bioavailability and efficacy of artemisinin. Although about 1000-fold less potent than artemisinin in their antiplasmodial activity, these plant chemicals are mainly small molecules that include other artemisinic compounds, terpenes (mainly mono and sesqui), flavonoids, and polyphenolic acids. In addition, polysaccharide constituents of A. annua may enhance bioavailability of artemisinin. Rodent pharmacokinetics showed longer T1/2 and Tmax and greater Cmax and AUC in Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice treated with A. annua dried leaves than in healthy mice. Pharmacokinetics of deoxyartemisinin, a liver metabolite of artemisinin, was more inhibited in infected than in healthy mice. In healthy mice, artemisinin serum levels were > 40-fold greater in dried leaf fed mice than those fed with pure artemisinin. Human trial data showed that when delivered as dried leaves, 40-fold less artemisinin was required to obtain a therapeutic response compared to pure artemisinin. ACTs are still unaffordable for many malaria patients, and cost estimates for A. annua dried leaf tablet production are orders of magnitude less than for ACT, despite improvements in the production capacity. Considering that for > 2000 years this plant was used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of fever with no apparent appearance of artemisinin drug resistance, the evidence argues for inclusion of affordable A. annua dried leaf tablets into the arsenal of drugs to combat malaria and other artemisinin-susceptible diseases

2015

Luz Estella Mesa, Pierre Lutgen, Ivan D. Velez, Angela M. Segura and Sara M. Robledo
Artemisia annua L., Potential Source of Molecules with Pharmacological Activity in Human Diseases
American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2015

Artemisia annua L., Potential Source of Molecules with Pharmacological Activity in Human Diseases

Abstract :

Objective : This review intends to motivate and encourage researchers to explore new alternatives to treat different diseases with Artemisia annua L., an important plant of traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia that has been used for more than 2.000 years in the treatment of different diseases, mainly malaria.

Methods : Data include currently available information about A. annua, its origin, traditional use in medicine, pharmacological activity, toxicity and main metabolites with reported clinical activity. The information was collected by literature search on web databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar up to 2014 on publications about the medicinal uses of A. annua L., in the treatment of different diseases that affect humans but also some animals.

Results : Pharmacological activity against chronic and infectious diseases of various metabolites from A. annua, artemisinin and its derivatives, flavonoids and essential oils, reported in this review, is supported by preclinical experimental evidence both in vivo and in vitro and clinical observations in human beings of different parts of the plant, mainly leaves, in the treatment of malaria. Leaves, seeds and whole plant of A. annua have also proved pharmacological activity against parasites responsible of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Recently, the first report of in vivo efficacy of A. annua against dengue fever was published. Conclusions : This review highlights the pharmacological potential of the A. annua plant in the treatment of several infectious diseases and unveils its suitable profile of safety and tolerability.

Keywords : Artemisia annua, Antibacterial activity, Antiparasitic activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antiviral potential, Anthelmintic activity.

2016

Samira Alesaeidi, Sepide Miraj
A Systematic Review of Anti-malarial Properties, Immunosuppressive Properties, Anti-inflammatory Properties, and Anti-cancer Properties of Artemisia Annua
Electronic Physician, October 2016, Volume : 8, Issue : 10, Pages : 3150-3155

A Systematic Review of Anti-malarial Properties, Immunosuppressive Properties, Anti-inflammatory Properties, and Anti-cancer Properties of Artemisia Annua

Abstract :

Artemisia annua belongs to the asteraceae family, indigenous to the mild climate of Asia. The aim of this study was to overview its anti-malarial properties, immunosuppressive properties, anti-inflammatory properties and anti-cancer properties. This systematic review was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases. The initial search strategy identified approximately ninety eight references. In this study, forty six studies were accepted for further screening and met all of our inclusion. The search terms were "Artemisia annua", "therapeutic properties", "and pharmacological effects". Artemisia annua is commonly used for its anti-malarial, immunosuppressive anti-inflammatory properties. Artemisia annua contributes to the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, arthritis and eczema and possesses various effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticoccidial, and antiviral effects. Furthermore, it was said to be good for cancer treatment. In this study, anti-malarial, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory properties of this plant are presented using published articles in scientific sites.

2017

Note to World Health Organisation on Integration of Artemisia annua into the Strategy against Malaria in Africa
Note prepared by Professor Pamela Weathers, Worcester Polytechnical Institute (USA), Dr Lucile Cornet-Vernet, Founder of « More for Less » (France), Professor Ahmed Hassanali of Kenyatta University (Kenya) and Jean-Jacques Schul, Chairman of IDAY-International , aisbl.

Note to World Health Organisation on Integration of Artemisia annua into the Strategy against Malaria in Africa

Annex (Bibliography) to the document : « Note to World Health Organisation on Integration of Artemisia annua into the Strategy against Malaria in Africa »

Annex (bibliography) to the "Note to World Health Organisation on Integration of Artemisia annua into the Strategy against Malaria in Africa"

2018

Richa Goel, Raj Kumari, Vijender Singh, Richa Pandey, Renu Kumari, Suchi Srivastava And Sushil Kumar
Perspectives of the Artemisia annua Dry Leaf Therapy (ALT) for Malaria and of its Re-Purposement as An Affordable Cure for Artemisinin-Treatable Illnesses
Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 84 No. 3 September 2018 pp. 731-780

Perspectives of the Artemisia annua Dry Leaf Therapy (ALT) for Malaria and of its Re-Purposement as An Affordable Cure for Artemisinin-Treatable Illnesses}}

Abstract :

Malarial diseases continue to risk the lives of more than 3 billion people in 97 countries in the world, causing sickness in several million people and death to half a million patients. The preponderate malaria causing apicomplexan protozoan parasite species Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have become genetically resistant to most of the approved antimalarial drugs, including the artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). At this time, there is a vigorous need to make enough efforts to meet the challenge of combating multi-drug resistant malaria by (a) speeding up the trials in progress on relatively more effective, new and mechanistically different antimalarial pharmaceuticals, (b) production of effective vaccines against falciparum and vivax malaria, (c) devising of new ways to use the presently available anti-malarials such as by using three-drugs ACTs and by using the different two-drug and three-drug ACTs sequentially, and (d) induction of Artemisia annua dry leaf therapy (ALT) of recent origin, but of ancient precedent, as an effective treatment for acute and complicated malaria. Here, a perspective type review is presented of the : pre-ALT antimalarial drugs, methodology of their usage and consequences of resistance development ; safety, efficacy, affordability, quality maintenance and resilience to resistance development aspects of ALT ; and possibilities of ALT re-purposement for treating many infectious-metabolic disorder related- and cancerous-diseases. In conclusion, an urgent need is emphasized for pilot studies and clinical trials on ALT to attest its deployment as anti-malarial and cure for diseases beyond malaria.

Keywords : Antimalarial Drug-Resistance ; Antimalarial Pharmaceuticals ; Auto-Immune Diseases ; Cancers ; Infectious Diseases ; Non-Artemisinic Secondary Metabolites.

2019

B. M. Gruessner, L. Cornet-Vernet, M. R. Desrosiers, P. Lutgen, M. J. Towler . P. J. Weathers
It is not just artemisinin : Artemisia sp. for treating diseases including malaria and schistosomiasis
Phytochemistry Reviews (September 2019) 18:1509–1527

It is not just artemisinin : Artemisia sp. for treating diseases including malaria and schistosomiasis

Abstract :

Artemisia sp., especially A. annua and A. afra, have been used for centuries to treat many ailments. While artemisinin is the main therapeutically active component, emerging evidence demonstrates that the other phytochemicals in this genus are also therapeutically active. Those compounds include flavonoids, other terpenes, coumarins, and phenolic acids. Artemisia sp. phytochemicals also improve bioavailability of artemisinin and synergistically improve artemisinin therapeutic efficacy, especially when delivered as dried leaf Artemisia as a tea infusion or as powdered dry leaves in a capsule or compressed into a tablet. Here results from in vitro, and in vivo animal and human studies are summarized and critically discussed for mainly malaria, but also other diseases susceptible to artemisinin and Artemisia sp. including schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis.
Keywords : Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra Artemisinin resistance Bioavailability Leishmaniasis Malaria Schistosomiasis Trypanosomiasis

***

Millet P.
Il est vrai Artemisia - It is true Artemisia
Médecine et Santé Tropicales 2019 ; 29 : 7-8

Il est vrai Artemisia - It is true Artemisia

Résumé :

Il existe actuellement une controverse dangereuse au sujet de l’utilisation de médicaments antipaludiques à base de dérivés d’artémisinine, et de l’efficacité antipaludique de tisanes d’extraits de plantes d’Artemisia spp. Cet article rappelle quelques principes fondamentaux guidant les avancées dans le traitement du paludisme et l’utilisation de l’artémisinine, dans le but de fournir des éléments de discussion permettant de proposer une place adaptée aux situations sanitaires pour les médicaments et la phytothérapie.

Mots clés : paludisme, artémisinine, médicaments, phytothérapie.

Abstract :

There is currently a hazardous debate between the rational use of antimalarial drugs based on artemisinin derivatives and the antimalarial efficacy of plant extracts of Artemisia spp. This article recall some fundamental rules guiding progresses in malaria treatment and use of artemisinin, with the aim to provide discussion elements to identify the safest place responding to health situations for drugs and phytotherapy.

Key words : malaria, artemisinin, drugs, phytotherapy.

Mis en ligne par La vie re-belle
 24/05/2020
 http://lavierebelle.org/artemisia-annua-l-revues-d-etudes

 Documents

 Il est vrai Artemisia - It is true Artemisia
PDF 
 Médecine et Santé Tropicales
 It is not just artemisinin : Artemisia sp. for treating diseases including malaria and schistosomiasis
PDF 
 Phytochemistry Reviews
 Perspectives of the Artemisia annua Dry Leaf Therapy (ALT) for Malaria and of its Re-Purposement as An Affordable Cure for Artemisinin-Treatable Illnesses}}
PDF 
 Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad
 2019_monographie_pharma_lma_20190803.pdf
PDF 

Revues d’études

Ce dossier regroupe les revues d’études publiées concernant Artemisia annua L.

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